檢視葉海蛞蝓屬的原始碼

葉海牛屬（學名：`Phyllidiopsis`）為海蛞蝓的一屬，屬於多彩海蛞蝓類（dorid nudibranchs）的無殼海洋腹足綱軟體動物，也是葉海牛科（Phyllidiidae）中最大的一個屬。

==描述==
本屬物種與本科其他屬的不同之處在於，其擁有拉長的前腸與癒合的口觸手。

==分布==
這些裸鰓類動物可見於熱帶印度-太平洋地區、東太平洋地區、紅海、加勒比海，少數則分布於西北大西洋。已描述的物種中，約有一半可見於深水水域。在這些深水海蛞蝓中，有一群白色的物種，牠們沒有任何對比色。

==物種==
葉海牛屬目前約有30個物種，包括：

* Phyllidiopsis annae <small>  Brunckhorst, 1993</small>
* Phyllidiopsis anomala <small> Valdés, 2001 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis bayi <small> (Bouchet, 1983) </small>
* Phyllidiopsis berghi <small> Vayssière, 1902 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis blanca <small> Gosliner & Behrens, 1988 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis boucheti <small> Valdes & Ortea, 1996 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis brunckhorsti <small> Valdés, 2001 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis burni <small>  Brunckhorst, 1993</small>
* Phyllidiopsis cardinalis <small>  Bergh, 1876</small>：本屬的模式種
* Phyllidiopsis circularis <small> Valdés, 2001 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis crucifera  <small>Valdés, 2001 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis dautzenbergi <small>  (Vayssière, 1912)</small>
* Phyllidiopsis fissurata <small>  Brunckhorst, 1993</small>
* Phyllidiopsis futunai <small>Valdés, 2001</small>
* Phyllidiopsis gemmata <small>  Pruvot-Fol, 1957</small>
* Phyllidiopsis holothuriana <small> Valdés, 2001 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis krempfi <small>  Pruvot-Fol, 1957</small>
* Phyllidiopsis loricata <small>  (Bergh, 1873)</small>
* Phyllidiopsis lozoueti <small> Valdés, 2001 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis macrotuberculata <small> Valdés, 2001 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis monacha <small>  (Yonow, 1986)</small>
* Phyllidiopsis neocaledonica <small> Valdés, 2001 </small>
* Phyllidiopsis phiphiensis <small>  Brunckhorst, 1993</small>
* Phyllidiopsis pipeki <small>  Brunckhorst, 1993</small>
* Phyllidiopsis quadrilineata <small>(Bergh, 1905)</small>
* Phyllidiopsis richeri <small>Valdés, 2001</small>
* Phyllidiopsis shireenae <small>  Brunckhorst, 1990</small>
* Phyllidiopsis sinaiensis <small>  (Yonow, 1988)</small>
* Phyllidiopsis sphingis <small>  Brunckhorst, 1993</small>
* Phyllidiopsis vanuatuensis <small>Valdés, 2001</small>
* Phyllidiopsis xishaensis <small>(Lin, 1983)</small>
；異名：
* Phyllidiopsis carinata <small> Eliot, 1910 </small>：是 `Phyllidia ocellata` <small>Cuvier, 1804</small> 的異名
* Phyllidiopsis fissuratus <small>Brunckhorst, 1993</small>：是 `Phyllidiopsis fissurata` <small>Brunckhorst, 1993</small> 的異名（種小名的性別不符）
* Phyllidiopsis gynenopla <small>Bouchet, 1977</small>：是 `Phyllidiopsis berghi` <small>Vayssière, 1902</small> 的異名
* Phyllidiopsis molaensis <small>Meyer, 1977</small>：被接受為 `Phyllidiella molaensis` <small>(Meyer, 1977)</small>（原始組合）
* Phyllidiopsis papilligera <small>Bergh, 1890</small>：是 `Ceratophyllidia papilligera` <small>(Bergh, 1890)</small> 的異名
* Phyllidiopsis striata <small> Bergh, 1888</small>：是 `Phyllidiella striata` <small>(Bergh, 1890)</small> 的異名

2003年進行的一項針對16S mtDNA基因核苷酸序列的最大簡約法分析顯示，葉海牛屬為一並系群。

<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed">
Image:B150510.jpg|Phyllidiopsis annae
Image:Phyllidiopsis cardinalis (Nudibranch).jpg|Phyllidiopsis cardinalis
Image:Phyllidiopsis fissuratus.jpg|Phyllidiopsis fissuratus
Image:Phyllidiopsis gemmata.JPG|Phyllidiopsis gemmata
Image:Phyllidiopsis krempfi Bali.jpg|Phyllidiopsis krempfi
Image:Phyllidiopsis loricata.jpg|Phyllidiopsis loricata
Image:B140718.jpg|Phyllidiopsis phiphiensis
Image:Phyllidiopsis pipeki (2).jpg|Phyllidiopsis pipeki
Image:Phyllidiopsis shireenae.jpg|Phyllidiopsis shireenae
Image:B12 4775.jpg|Phyllidiopsis xishaensis
Image:Phyllidiopsis sp1.jpg|Phyllidiopsis sp. 1
File:2016, wakatobi, spiral corner, conversations (31350525771).jpg|攝於2016年瓦卡托比國家公園的未知葉海牛屬物種
</gallery>

==參考資料==

== 文獻 ==

*Bergh, L. S. R.  (1889).  Malacologische Untersuchungen.  In: Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen von Dr. Carl Gottfried Semper.  Zweiter Theil.  Wissenschaftliche Resultate.  Band 2, Theil 3, Heft 16, 2 Hälfte, pp.&nbsp;815–872, pls. 82–84.; p.&nbsp;859
*Bergh, L. S. R.  (1890).  Report on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–1878), and in the Caribbean Sea (1879–1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding.  Report on the nudibranchs.  Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 19(3):155-181, pls. 1–3. ; p.&nbsp;175
*Bergh, L. S. R.  (1892).  Die Nudibranchiata holohepatica porostomata.  Verhandlungen der königlich-kaiserlich Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien Abhandlungen) 42:1-16. ; p.&nbsp;16
*Bergh, L. S. R.  1897.  Opisthobranchiaten.  Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in den Molukken und Borneo, im Aufträge der Senckenbergischen naturforshenden Gesellschaft ausgeführt von Dr. Willy Kukenthal.  Abhandlungen Herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 24(1):95-130, pls. 12–13. ; p.&nbsp;112
*Eliot, C. N. E. (1906).  Nudibranchiata, with some remarks on the families and genera and description of a new genus, Doridomorpha, pp.&nbsp;540–573, pl. 32. In: J. Stanley Gardiner (Ed.)  The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900, vol. 2. ; p.&nbsp;563
*Marcus, Ev., & Er. Marcus.  (1962).  Opisthobranchs from Florida and the Virgin Islands.  Bulletin of Marine Science Gulf & Caribbean 12(3):450-488. ; p.&nbsp;478
*Pruvot-Fol, A.  (1954).  Mollusques Opisthobranches.  Faune de France, Paris 58:1-460, pl. 1; p.&nbsp;329
*Vayssière, A. J. B. M.  (1913).  Mollusques de la France et des régions voisines, tome premier, amphineures, gasteropodes opisthobranches, heteropodes, marseniades et oncidiides.  Encyclopedie Scientifique, publiee sous la direction du Dr. Toulouse, Bibliothèque de Zoologie Doin, Paris, pp.&nbsp;1–420, I-XII, pls. 1-37.  [Nudibranchia pp.&nbsp;243–365] ; p.&nbsp;364
*Yonow N. (2012) Opisthobranchs from the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and ten new records (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 197: 1–129. &#91;22 May 2012&#93.

Category:葉海牛科
Category:腹足綱的屬

[[分類: 待校正]]